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Tabgha

 


塔布加(希伯来语:עין שבע‎,  读音:Ein Sheva)位于以色列加利利海西北岸的一片区域。

这里在传统上被认为是五饼二鱼的神迹发生地(马可福音6:30-46),同时也是耶稣被钉十字架、死后复活第四次向门徒显现的地方(约翰福音21:1-24)。

这地的命名来源于希腊名字Heptapegon (意为“七道泉水”)。

其发音逐渐变为“塔贝果”,最终根据阿拉伯语使用者的发音变为 "塔布加"。

圣杰罗姆则称其为“孤独”。

在同一个地方面向加利利海处是一片肥沃额土地(离迦百农不远),其上青草郁郁葱葱,也有需要的棕榈树和其他树木。附近的七道泉水则为此地提供了丰富的水源。

在这丰茂的花园里,耶稣用五饼二鱼使5000人的饱足。

一座占地面积很大的修道院及教堂在公元5世纪被修建在这里。

阿拉伯征服此地时,其上的建筑被摧毁;教堂大约是在公元614年波斯入侵时被毁的,早在公元670年,主教阿库尔福就有记载这座教堂只剩柱子得以保留。

征服拜占庭的十字军用各种方法使这地被遗忘,直到20世纪此处才重新被发现。

现今,这座教堂及其周围的土地为德国圣地联合会所拥有,该会领袖为科隆大主教。

该遗迹目前由圣玛利亚锡安修道院的班尼帝克汀修道士进一步维护,也因位于耶路撒冷锡安山上的圣母升天大教堂而被人所熟知。

圣彼得受职堂

圣彼得受职堂就在五饼二鱼堂以北,被建在加利利海岸边的岩石上,传统上这里被认为是耶稣死后复活第四次显现的地方(约翰福音21:1-24);根据天主教的教导,这期间,耶稣再次授予彼得牧养教会的职责。

 

Tabgha (עין שבע‎, Ein Sheva) is an area situated on the north-western shore of the Sea of Galilee in Israel.

 

It is traditionally accepted as the place of the miracle of the multiplication of the loaves and fishes (Mark 6:30-46) and the fourth resurrection appearance of Jesus (John 21:1-24) after his Crucifixion. Until 1948, it was the site of a Palestinian Arab village.

The site's name is derived from the Greek name Heptapegon ("seven springs"). Its pronunciation gradually changed to "Tabego", and was eventually changed to "Tabha" by the Arabic speakers. St. Jerome referred to Heptapegon as "the solitude".

 

The earliest building at Tabgha was a small chapel built in the 4th century A.D. (around 350) by the Jewish convert to Christianity, Joseph of Tiberias. According to Epiphanius, Joseph was a contemporary of Emperor Constantine, a rabbinical scholar, member of The Sanhedrin and a disciple of Hillel II. Following his conversion, Emperor Constantine gave him the rank of count (comes), and gave him permission to build churches in the Galilee, specifically, in Jewish towns which didn't yet have a Christian community, and the Galilee including the Sea of Galilee, was an area with a Jewish majority.

 

This was probably the shrine described by the pilgrim Egeria at the end of the 4th century. The 4th century small shrine was dismounted in 480 and a bigger chapel was built by Martyrius of Jerusalem, Patriarch of Jerusalem from 478 to 486. Martyrius was Egyptian by origin, and this may be the reason why the floor of his chapel was covered with a beautiful Nile mosaic, a style of art popular in the Byzantine time, describing Nilotic landscape and the fest of the Nile.

 

In the same place (not far from Capernaum) facing the Sea of Galilee is a well watered land in which lush grasses grow, with numerous trees and palms. Nearby are seven springs which provide abundant water. In this fruitful garden Jesus fed five thousand people with five loaves of bread and two fish.

 

The mosaic of the fish and loaves is laid next to a large rock, which has caused some New Testament scholars to speculate that the builders of the original church believed that Jesus stood on this rock when he blessed the fish and loaves just before the feeding of the crowd who had come to hear him.

 

The large monastery and a church were built in the fifth century. While some date the destruction of the site to the time of the Arab conquest, the church was most likely destroyed in 614 during the Persian invasion, for already in AD 670, Bishop Arculf had reported that only columns from the church remained. In any way, by the Crusader conquests the Byzantine site was forgotten, and rediscovered only in the 20th century.

 

The area's lands were bought in the 18th century by a Catholic German association, so they could build a hotel for pilgrims. As they began digging for the construction they discovered archeological evidence of an earlier church, but could not make excavations due to the {Ottoman law}].

 

Only in 1932, in the times of Mandatory Palestine. After nearly 1300 years of "solitude", two German archaeologists (Mader and Schneider) uncovered a number of the Byzantine church's walls and mosaics In 1981, after further excavations, the church was finally restored by German Benedictines to its Byzantine form, incorporating portions of the original mosaics.

 

Today, the church and surrounding land are property of the German Association of the Holy Land whose head is the Archbishop of Cologne. The site is further maintained by Benedictine monks from the Hagia Maria Sion Abbey, also known as Dormition Church, which is located on Mount Zion in Jerusalem

 

Church of the Primacy of St. Peter

The Church of the Primacy of St. Peter, north of the Church of the Multiplication, was built on rocks at the shore of the Sea of Galilee, traditionally considered to be the place where Jesus appeared the fourth time after his resurrection (John 21:1-24), during which, according to Catholic teaching, Jesus again conferred primacy on Simon Peter

 

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